The Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD) was one of the most remarkable periods in Chinese history, celebrated for its art, scientific discoveries, flourishing cities, and extraordinary cultural achievements.Key factsPeriod: 960–1279 ADFounder: Emperor Taizu (Zhao Kuangyin)Capital: Kaifeng during the Northern Song; Hangzhou during the Southern SongGovernment: Imperial monarchyMajor achievements: Printing, gunpowder development, the magnetic compass, porcelain, painting, and commercial growth.