Yaoba Ancient Town, Luzhou
Yaoba Ancient Town, Luzhou
Yaoba is one of Luzhou's most prominent tourist attractions, and it's easily accessible, located about 20 kilometers from Luzhou. The Sichuan-Guizhou Expressway is nearby, and its pristine natural environment remains largely intact.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Yaoba's inhabitants were primarily Yao people, and the area was called Yaojiaba, its ancient name being "Yaoba." With the migration of Han Chinese, the Yao people gradually moved towards the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Due to the high regard in which Yao and Shun were held by the Han people, "Yao" eventually became "Yao."
Yaoba is situated at a crucial transportation hub between southern Sichuan and northern Guizhou, about 20 kilometers from Chishui in Guizhou. It marks the junction of the Sichuan Basin and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and was a major ancient passage between Sichuan and Guizhou, known as the "Sichuan-Guizhou Corridor" and the "Ancient Tea and Salt Road." Beyond Yaoba lay the exit from Sichuan; merchants and bandits would rest and recuperate before embarking on a longer and more arduous journey.
In the Sichuan-Chongqing region, trading towns were called "chang" (场), water and land transportation hubs were called "shuimatou" (水码头), and land transportation hubs were called "dummatou" (旱томам). Yaoba, as the last stop before leaving Sichuan and entering Guizhou, was a bustling market with merchants gathering there.
Main Attractions:
The ancient street and residential complex, mainly dating from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, is centered around the Dongyue Temple and evolved from the ancient post road that passed through the village. It is divided into upper and lower streets. The upper street is built along the mountainside, with undulating terrain; the lower street has a continuous roof with tiled roofs. The street runs north-south, with the north street built by the Zhou family and the south street by the Li family. It extends in a winding, slightly S-shaped pattern, with a total length of over 1000 meters and a width of 5 meters. The street is paved with bluestone slabs, and wooden shops line both sides of the street. Behind the shops are courtyard-style residential buildings, totaling over 2000 small blue-tiled houses. The Jinshi Archway, located at the southern end of the ancient street, was built in the 15th year of the Jiaqing Emperor's reign (1808) by imperial decree by Li Yuelong, a Jinshi (successful candidate in the highest imperial examination) in the military field. Unique to southern Sichuan, it faces southeast, featuring a three-tiered, hipped-roof structure with a northwest-southeast orientation.
The Dongyue Temple, commonly known as the Fire God Temple, is built against Jiulong Jubao Mountain. Originally constructed during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt during the Kangxi and Jiaqing periods of the Qing Dynasty. Following the mountain's contours, it ascends in stages to the summit, a hipped-roof wooden and stone structure comprising five halls. With a total depth of 84 meters, it is a typical folk religious building of southern Sichuan. The first hall, named the Celebration Opera Stage (commonly known as the Wannian Stage), is a single-tiered, hipped-roof wooden and stone structure, covering an area of 210 square meters. The stage and its surrounding gardens are decorated with numerous exquisite deep-relief wooden carvings depicting theatrical scenes. The layout of the stage and gardens is unique to southern Sichuan. The second hall is the Kui Xing Tower, the third the City God Hall, the fourth the Donghuang Hall, and the fifth the Confucius Hall.
Zhou Mansion, originally built in 1806 by Zhou Qibin, a military officer who passed the imperial examination, was a renowned philanthropist and highly respected figure. Renovated in 2005, it now serves as an important site showcasing the history and culture of Yaoba Ancient Town.
Wang Chaowen, originally named Zhaowen, was a native of Yaoba. He was a Chinese literary theorist, aesthetician, sculptor, and art educator, and one of the pioneers and founders of Marxist literary theory and aesthetics in New China.
Wang Chaowen's Former Residence (Tianshou Hall), located below the Jinshi Archway in the ancient town, is a typical southern Sichuan courtyard house with a wooden structure. Covering an area of 500 square meters, the residence features a central courtyard, an ancient well from the Ming Dynasty, and three side buildings adorned with exquisite wood carvings. The residence is divided into a stage, main hall, living room, bedrooms, courtyard, and side rooms.
Ling Zifeng, a renowned third-generation Chinese film director, was born in Beijing but always considered Yaoba his spiritual home. His family roots and childhood memories are deeply ingrained there, and he specifically chose his hometown as a filming location for his movie *Madness*, residing there for over a month. In his later years, he returned to his ancestral home, incorporating Yaoba into several classic films.
Ling Zifeng's former residence, a four-room building, showcases his life and artistic achievements. His film and television exhibition hall, built on the site of his grandfather's former residence, adopts the style of southern Sichuan folk houses, primarily using wooden mortise and tenon structures, preserving traditional architectural techniques.
The former residences of Wang and Ling are only a few meters apart, suggesting a possible familial connection. They met in Yan'an and later collaborated.
Dahong Rice Shop, a landmark building in the ancient town, was built by Li Yuelong, a military scholar during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. Well-preserved, it faces west, featuring a full wooden mortise and tenon structure, a courtyard layout, two stories, and a building area of nearly 2,000 square meters. The upper railings are intricately carved, while the lower corridors are exquisitely elegant. These remnants of an important grain trading center between Sichuan and Guizhou serve as crucial material evidence for the study of the Ancient Tea Horse Road. The film *The Big Rice Shop* was filmed against this backdrop.
In Sichuan and Chongqing, towns or settlements with a richer history or economy than their neighbors generally exhibit greater confidence and pride among their residents. Their development follows certain patterns or commonalities: first, a large influx of people; second, renowned local cuisine; and third, a pursuit of spiritual fulfillment and cultural development. Yaoba possesses all these characteristics: its status as a commercial hub and transportation center has led to a better economy than its neighbors; its cuisine includes mutton soup and yellow rice cakes; its spiritual heritage includes the Dongyue Temple; and its culture has nurtured notable figures such as Wang Chaowen and Ling Kefeng.
Compared to other ancient towns in Shanxi, Yaoba Ancient Town, especially in terms of history and architecture, is incomparable. It's not a grand, aristocratic residence, but rather a modestly charming village girl, more like a down-to-earth, everyday girl from a well-to-do family. From this perspective, it has a more vibrant, down-to-earth atmosphere. As a relatively well-preserved late Qing Dynasty and early Republican era architectural complex, it still has original inhabitants. Here, you can clearly see the shadows of the ancient Sichuanese people's market days and the merchants' trade along the Tea Horse Road 100 years, or even hundreds of years ago. It's a living fossil of dwellings, market days, and post stations—something unique to this place.
A visit here feels like stepping back in time!
Luzhou Yaoba Ancient Town
Yaoba is one of Luzhou's few notable tourist attractions, and it's easily accessible, located about 20 kilometers from Luzhou, with the Sichuan-Guizhou Expressway nearby. Its pristine natural environment is well-preserved.
During the Tang and Song dynasties, the residents of Yaoba were mainly Yao people, and the area was called Yaojiaba, formerly known as "Yaoba." With the migration of Han people, the Yao gradually moved towards the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Due to the high regard in which Yao and Shun were held by the Han people, "Yao" eventually became "Yao."
Yaoba is located at a key transportation route between southern Sichuan and northern Guizhou, about 20 kilometers from Chishui in Guizhou. It is the junction of the Sichuan Basin and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and was a major passage from Sichuan to Guizhou in ancient times, known as the "Sichuan-Guizhou Corridor" and the "Ancient Tea and Salt Road." Beyond Yaoba lay the exit from Sichuan, where merchants and bandits would rest and recuperate before facing a longer and more arduous journey.
Trading towns in the Sichuan-Chongqing region were called "chang," with waterway and land transportation hubs called "water docks" and land transportation hubs called "dry docks." Yaoba, as the last stop before leaving Sichuan and entering Guizhou, was a bustling market with numerous merchants.
Main attractions:
The ancient street and residential complex, mainly dating from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, is centered around the Dongyue Temple and evolved from the ancient post road that runs through the village. It is divided into Upper Street and Lower Street. Upper Street is built along the mountainside, with undulating terrain; Lower Street has a continuous roof with tiled roofs. The streets run north-south, with the North Street built by the Zhou family and the South Street by the Li family. They meander and extend in a slightly S-shape, totaling over 1000 meters in length and 5 meters in width. The street is paved with bluestone slabs, and wooden shops line both sides, behind which are courtyard-style residential buildings, totaling over 2000 small blue-tiled houses.
The Jinshi Archway, located at the southern end of the ancient street, was built by Li Yuelong, a Jinshi (successful candidate in the highest imperial examination) in the 15th year of the Jiaqing Emperor's reign (1806). Unique to southern Sichuan, it faces southeast, featuring a wood-and-stone imitation structure, a triple-eaved hip roof, and three bays with four pillars.
Dongyue Temple, commonly known as the Fire God Temple, is built against Jiulong Jubao Mountain. Originally constructed during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt during the Kangxi and Jiaqing periods of the Qing Dynasty. Following the mountain's contours, it ascends in stages to the summit, a hip-roofed wooden and stone structure comprising five halls. With a total depth of 84 meters, it is a typical folk religious building of southern Sichuan. The first hall, named the Celebration Opera Stage, commonly known as the Wannian Stage, is a single-eaved hip-roofed wooden and stone structure, covering an area of 210 square meters. The stage and its surrounding railings are carved with numerous exquisite deep-relief wooden carvings depicting theatrical scenes. The layout of the stage and garden is unique to southern Sichuan. The second hall is the Kui Xing Tower, the third is the City God Hall, the fourth is the Donghuang Hall, and the fifth is the Confucius Hall.
Zhou Mansion was initially built in the 25th year of the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty by Zhou Qibin, a martial arts graduate. Zhou was known for his philanthropy and high prestige. Renovated in 2005, it is now an important site showcasing the history and culture of Yaoba Ancient Town.
Wang Chaowen, originally named Zhaowen, was a native of Yaoba. He was a Chinese literary theorist, aesthetician, sculptor, and art educator, and one of the pioneers and founders of Marxist literary theory and aesthetics in New China.
Wang Chaowen's former residence (Tianshou Hall) is located below the Jinshi Archway in the ancient town. It is a typical courtyard house in southern Sichuan, with a wooden structure covering an area of 500 square meters. The courtyard includes a central courtyard, an ancient well from the Ming Dynasty, and three side buildings with exquisite wood carvings. The residence is divided into a stage, main hall, living room, bedrooms, courtyard, and side rooms.
Ling Zifeng, a renowned third-generation Chinese film director, was originally from Yaoba. Although born in Beijing, he always regarded Yaoba as his spiritual hometown. His family roots and childhood memories are deeply rooted there. He specifically chose his hometown as a filming location for his movie *Madness*, staying there for over a month. In his later years, he returned to his ancestral home, incorporating Yaoba into many classic films.
The former residence of Ling Zifeng, a four-room house, showcases his life and artistic achievements. His film and television exhibition hall, built on the site of his grandfather's former residence, adopts the style of southern Sichuan folk houses, primarily featuring a wooden mortise-and-tenon structure and preserving traditional architectural techniques.
The former residences of Wang and Ling are only a few meters apart, suggesting a possible distant familial relationship. They met in Yan'an and later collaborated.
The Da Hong Rice Shop, a landmark building of the ancient town, was built by Li Yuelong, a military scholar during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. Well-preserved, it faces west, featuring a full wooden mortise-and-tenon structure in a courtyard layout. The two-story building covers nearly 2,000 square meters. The upper-level railings are intricately carved, while the lower-level corridors are exquisitely elegant. A remnant of an important distribution center for grain trade between Sichuan and Guizhou, it is crucial material for studying the Tea Horse Road. The film "Da Hong Rice Shop" was filmed against this backdrop.
In Sichuan and Chongqing, towns or settlements with a richer history or economy than their neighbors generally possess a more confident and proud population. Their development follows certain patterns or commonalities: first, a large influx of people; second, renowned local cuisine; and third, a pursuit of spiritual fulfillment and cultural development. Yaoba possesses all these elements. Its status as a commercial hub and transportation center has led to a better economy than its neighbors. Its cuisine includes dishes like red-broth mutton and yellow rice cakes. It boasts the Dongyue Temple and has nurtured notable figures like Wang Chaowen and Ling Kefeng.
Compared to ancient towns in Shanxi, especially in terms of history and architecture, Yaoba Ancient Town cannot compare. It's not a grand, aristocratic town, but rather a more down-to-earth, everyday place. From this perspective, it has a more vibrant, relatable atmosphere. As a relatively well-preserved late Qing Dynasty and early Republican era architectural complex, it still retains its original inhabitants. Here, you can clearly see the traces of Sichuan and Chongqing's early inhabitants "going to the market" and the merchants traveling along the Tea Horse Road 100 years, or even hundreds of years ago. It's a living fossil of residences, market days, and post stations—something unique to Yaoba.
Visiting this place feels like traveling through time!